ABSTRACT
Calcium oxalate urolithiasis is one of the most common urinary tract diseases and is of high prevalence. The present study proposes to evaluate the antilithiatic property of hydrogen sulfide and its metabolites like thiosulfate & sulfate in an in vitro model.
The antilithiatic activity of sodium hydrogen sulfide (NaSH), sodium thiosulfate (Na2S2O3) and sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) on the kinetics of calcium oxalate crystal formation was investigated both in physiological buffer and in urine from normal and recurrent stone forming volunteers. The stones were characterized by optical and spectroscopic techniques.
The stones were characterized to be monoclinic, prismatic and bipyramidal habit which is of calcium monohydrate and dihydrate nature. The FTIR displayed fingerprint corresponding to calcium oxalate in the control while in NaSH treated, S=O vibrations were visible in the spectrum. The order of percentage inhibition was NaSH>Na2S2O3>Na2SO4.
Our study indicates that sodium hydrogen sulfide and its metabolite thiosulfate are inhibitors of calcium oxalate stone agglomeration which makes them unstable both in physiological buffer and in urine. This effect is attributed to pH changes and complexing of calcium by S2O32-and SO42- moiety produced by the test compounds.
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Calcium Oxalate/metabolism , Hydrogen Sulfide/chemistry , Hydrogen Sulfide/metabolism , Urolithiasis/metabolism , Urolithiasis/prevention & control , Analysis of Variance , Case-Control Studies , Calcium Oxalate/chemistry , Reproducibility of Results , Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared , Urine/chemistryABSTRACT
Myocardial reperfusion is believed to be associated with free radical injury. The present study evaluates the effect of aqueous extract of D. gangeticum (DG) on lipid peroxides and antioxidants in ischemic reperfused (IR) Wistar albino male rats. Significant elevation in lipid peroxide products (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) and decreased activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase) were observed in the rat hearts during ischemia reperfusion phase. Pre treatment of rats with aqueous extract of DG orally for 30 days showed significantly improved preservation of antioxidant enzymes and subsequent reduction in lipid peroxidation. But 2,3,5 triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) stained rat heart did not show much significant antioxidant enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation. On the other hand, TTC unstained rat heart showed significant improvement in the antioxidant activities indicating cardio protective effect of aqueous extract of DG in myocardium affected by ischemia reperfusion insult. The administration of DG to normal rats did not have any significant effect on any of the parameter studied. These results indicate that DG improves the antioxidant capacity of heart and attenuate the degree of lipid peroxidation after IR.